F1-管理學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)英漢對(duì)照解釋?zhuān)?）

Planning Tools and Techniques

1. environmental scanning : 環(huán)境掃描

The screening of large amounts of information to anticipate and environment.

收集大量的環(huán)境信息，以便預(yù)測(cè)和解釋環(huán)境正在發(fā)生的變化。

2. competitor intelligence: 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手情報(bào)

Environmental scanning activity that seeks to identify who competitors are, what they are doing, and how their actions will affect the organization.

環(huán)境掃描的活動(dòng)，它試圖識(shí)別誰(shuí)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，他們?cè)谧鍪裁?，?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的行動(dòng)將對(duì)組織產(chǎn)生什么影響。

3. forecasts : 預(yù)測(cè)

Predictions of outcomes.

對(duì)結(jié)果的預(yù)計(jì)。

4. quantitative forecasting : 定量預(yù)測(cè)

Forecasting that applies a set of mathematical rules to a series of past data to predict outcomes.

運(yùn)用一組數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)則，根據(jù)過(guò)去的數(shù)據(jù)序列來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的一種預(yù)測(cè)。

5. qualitative forecasting: 定性預(yù)測(cè)

Forecasting that uses the judgment and opinions of knowledgeable individuals to predict outcomes.

運(yùn)用判斷和根據(jù)熟悉情況的人員的意見(jiàn)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果的一種預(yù)測(cè)。

6. benchmarking : 標(biāo)桿比較

The search for the best practices among competitors or noncompetitors that lead to their superior performance.

尋求那些具有杰出績(jī)效的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手或非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的至佳實(shí)踐。

7. resources : 資源

The assets of the organization including financial, physical, human, intangible, and structural/cultural.

一個(gè)組織的資產(chǎn)，它包括財(cái)務(wù)資源、物質(zhì)資源、人力資源、無(wú)形資產(chǎn)，還有結(jié)構(gòu)/文化資源。

8. budget: 預(yù)算

A numerical plan for allocating resources to specific activities.

一種數(shù)字性的計(jì)劃，用以對(duì)特定的活動(dòng)分配資源。

9. scheduling : 排程

Detailing what activities have to be done, the order in which they are to be completed, who is to do each, and when they are to be completed.

詳細(xì)明確從事什么活動(dòng)，哪些訂單需要完成，誰(shuí)來(lái)完成，什么時(shí)間完成。

10. Gannt chart : 甘特圖

A scheduling chart developed by Henry Gannt that shows actual and planned output over a period of time.

亨利.甘特開(kāi)發(fā)的一種排程圖，表示整個(gè)期間上的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)出與實(shí)際產(chǎn)出。

11. load chart: 負(fù)荷圖

A modified Gantt chart that schedules capacity by entire department or specific resources.

一種改進(jìn)的甘特圖，它具有能列出全部部門(mén)或者是特定的資源的能力。

12. PERT network: PERT 網(wǎng)絡(luò)

A flowchartlike diagram showing the sequence of activities needed to complete a project and the time or costs associated with each..

一種流程型的圖形，它描述了項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的順序和時(shí)間，有時(shí)還加入相應(yīng)的成本數(shù)據(jù)。

13. events: 事件

End points that represent the completion of major activities in a PERT network.

PERT網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖中一個(gè)代表主要活動(dòng)的完成的節(jié)點(diǎn)。

14. activities: 活動(dòng)

The time or resources needed to progress from one event to another in a PERT network..

在PERT網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖中代表了從一個(gè)事件到另一個(gè)事件的進(jìn)展，它需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間和耗費(fèi)資源。

15. slack time: 松弛時(shí)間

The amount of time an individual activity can be delayed without delaying the whole project.

單個(gè)活動(dòng)在不影響整個(gè)項(xiàng)目完工期的前提下可能被推遲完成的時(shí)間。

16. critical path: 關(guān)鍵路線(xiàn)

The longest sequence of events and activities in a PERT network..

PERT網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖中占用時(shí)間至長(zhǎng)的一系列相互銜接的事件。

17. breakeven analysis：盈虧平衡分析

A technique for identifying the point at which total revenue is just sufficient to cover total costs.

一種用以確定盈虧平衡點(diǎn)，即哪一點(diǎn)上全部投入真好彌補(bǔ)全部成本的技術(shù)。

18. linear programming: 線(xiàn)性規(guī)劃

A mathematical technique that solves resource allocation problems.

一種解決資源分配問(wèn)題的數(shù)學(xué)技術(shù)。

19. project: 項(xiàng)目

A one-time-only set of activities that has a definite beginning and ending point in time.

一次性的一組活動(dòng)，它具有明確的開(kāi)始時(shí)間和結(jié)束時(shí)間。

20. project management: 項(xiàng)目管理

The task of getting a project’s activities done on time ,within budget, and according to specifications.

使項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)按時(shí)間進(jìn)行、不突破預(yù)算和符合規(guī)范的一種管理活動(dòng)。

21. scenario: 腳本

A consistent view of what the future is likely to be.

對(duì)未來(lái)可能是什么樣的一種一貫的觀點(diǎn)。

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