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1. Carriage inwards和carriege outwards有何區(qū)別?
【答復】
當前提是作為一個制造企業(yè)(manufacturing company):
購貨運費 (Carriage inwards):
把貨品運送至企業(yè)的費用,包含在購買貨品的成本中,屬購貨的一部分,所以屬于value the inventory.
銷貨運費(Carriage outwards):
把貨物運出企業(yè),屬于銷售成本。
2. Warranty provisions 和 Consignment inventories 這兩個詞是什么意思,為什么前者是一個負債,后者被看做一項表外融資?
【答復】
Warranty provisions:保修費用準備。
即:銷售的產(chǎn)品如果有保修期,那么公司要對產(chǎn)品保修期內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的維修費用進行預提準備,在銷售產(chǎn)品的當期預提預計負債。
Consignment inventories:寄售庫存。
寄售庫存屬于一種庫存處理方法,即:處理積壓庫存產(chǎn)品,騰出其占用空間,增加現(xiàn)金流。
委托方將積壓的庫存產(chǎn)品委托給受托方代為銷售,委托方一般需將庫存產(chǎn)品交給受托方代為保管,授權其代為銷售。產(chǎn)品出售后,由受托方向委托方結(jié)算貨款并獲取傭金或差額利潤。所有寄售庫存視為表外融資。
3.Non-financial disclosure 是指什么?
【答復】
非財務信息披露:
一般涉及企業(yè)管理、法律風險(如是否牽扯官司、事故,是否對企業(yè)運轉(zhuǎn)造成影響)、技術更新等方面,這些因素對企業(yè)比較重要,但又暫時不能使用量化指標(如直接為企業(yè)帶來多少經(jīng)濟利益)或者影響程度不確定,只能以文字描述進行披露,從而幫助使用者做出判斷。
比如說:發(fā)生一起事故,可能引起賠償或者停業(yè)整頓等,都是以后可能發(fā)生事項,還不能以財務數(shù)據(jù)的方式給予披露。
4.“Economic value'的含義是什么?
【答復】
economic value:經(jīng)濟價值
即是可以從中取得收益的意思。
具體英文解釋如下:
What is 'Economic Value'
The worth of a good or service as determined by people’s preferences and the tradeoffs they choose to make given their scarce resources, or the value the market places on an item. Economic value is represented by the maximum amount a consumer is willing to pay for an item in a free market economy, or the amount of time an individual will sacrifice waiting to obtain a government-rationed good in a socialist economy. In contrast, market value represents the minimum amount a consumer will pay. Economic value thus often exceeds market value.
5. Factoring debt 是什么意思呢?
【答復】
Factoring debt保理債務
具體解析:
The sale of a business' invoices to a third party.
The third party is charged with processing the invoices, and the business lending the invoices is able to receive loans based on the expected payments on the invoices.
保理業(yè)務是指賣方與保理商之間存在的一種契約關系。根據(jù)該契約,賣方將其現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼幕谄渑c買方(債務人)訂立的貨物銷售或服務合同所產(chǎn)生的應收賬款轉(zhuǎn)讓給保理商,由保理商為其提供貿(mào)易融資、銷售分戶賬管理、應收賬款的催收、信用風險控制與壞賬擔保等服務
6. 針對于此題,這里的loan notes at par是什么?為何不產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)金流量?如果貸款票據(jù)不是現(xiàn)金或現(xiàn)金等價物,那公司如何用它去買房屋?
Waterloo acquired a building by issuing USD400,000 8% loan notes at par. The market rate of interest at the time of the issue was also 8%.
How should the acquisition be presented in the statement of cash flows for the period?
A、Investing activities USD: (400,000)/ Financing activities: USD400,000
B、Investing activities USD: (400,000)/ Financing activities: Nil
C、Investing activities: Nil/ Financing activities: USD400,000
D、Investing activities: Nil/ Financing activities: Nil
【答復】
問題1:
“at par”按面值
loan notes at par 貸款票據(jù)按面值
問題2:
請注意題目中的信息:
Waterloo acquired a building by issuing USD400,000 8% loan notes at par. The market rate of interest at the time of the issue was also 8%.
現(xiàn)金流量表的編制基礎是現(xiàn)金和現(xiàn)金等價物,Loan note 貸款票據(jù)不屬于現(xiàn)金或現(xiàn)金等價物,所以它并不能產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)金流。
正如解析中所說:A note to the cash flow statement should explain this non-cash transaction.
問題3:
貸款票據(jù)是屬于一種 legal document來證明一個人欠別人的錢。通常情況下,貸款票據(jù)的存在是在一個人購買另一個人的物品的時候,使用賒購的方式(on credit)。貸款票據(jù)是用來證明買方欠賣方的款項。
所以它不存在現(xiàn)金交易。
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